ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) attributes enhance accessibility for dynamic content and complex widgets. They provide additional semantic information to assistive technologies, filling in the gaps where standard HTML might fall short.

Use ARIA judiciously. Only use it when native HTML elements can't provide the necessary semantic information. Common use cases include dynamic content updates, custom UI components, and complex web applications. Focus on role attributes to define the purpose of elements, aria-label or aria-labelledby to provide accessible names, and aria-describedby to provide additional descriptions.